How Clinical Interviews Help Diagnose Mental Illness

How Clinical Interviews Help Diagnose Mental Illness OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Print How Clinical Interviews Help Diagnose Mental Illness By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 17, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 23, 2020 jeangill/Getty Images More in OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions A clinical interview is a tool that helps physicians, psychologists and researchers make an accurate diagnosis of a variety of mental illnesses, such as  obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD). There are two common types: Structured clinical interviews and clinical diagnostic interviews. Structured Clinical Interviews The gold standard for structured clinical interviews is the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, also known as SCID. It is a semi-structured interview guide which is administered by a psychologist or other mental health professional who is familiar with the diagnostic criteria of mental health conditions. The Purpose of the Structured Clinical Interview Structured clinical interviews have a variety of uses, including assessing patients in order to make a diagnosis based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5); for research to study certain groups of people who all have the same symptoms; for clinical trials; or for students who are going into the mental health field to practice in order to become better interviewers. SCIDs can also help determine if you have more than one illness.?? They contain standardized questions to ensure that each patient is interviewed in the same way. Since many of the questions concerning diagnostic criteria are subjective (in comparison, for example, to the number on a blood test which may be used to diagnose a physical disorder), a standardized guide such as this helps to make sure studies are looking at people with the same general symptoms. A structured clinical interview helps to make a largely subjective diagnosis a little more objective. Types of Questions on the Structured Clinical Interview The questions on the SCID range from asking about your family and medical history to your illnesses and current complaints, as well as  the nature, severity, and duration of the symptoms you have experienced. The questions get very detailed and specific, but not all questions will need answers since the SCID covers a broad range of illnesses, most of which you probably do not have.   Questions that you may be asked during a structured clinical interview that are specifically about OCD include:?? What are the specific details of your obsessions and compulsions?How long have you had these obsessions and compulsions?How have these obsessions and compulsions affected your life?Did your symptoms start after a new illness or taking a new drug?Were you physically sick before you started having obsessions and/or compulsions?Were you using drugs before you started having obsessions and/or compulsions?How old were you when these symptoms started? A SCID can take anywhere from 15 minutes to several hours to complete, depending on the severity and types of your symptoms. Clinical Diagnostic Interviews Another valid way to assess and/or diagnose mental illness is by using a clinical diagnostic interview (CDI). CDIs are different in that they involve a conversation, or narrative, between the mental health professional and the patient instead of a list of standardized questions like the SCID has. This interview takes about two and a half hours and the mental health professional doing the interview will likely take notes as you talk. A symptom checklist might also be used along with the CDI to help the interviewer make a diagnosis. Types of Questions on the Clinical Diagnostic Interview The questions on a CDI are much broader and leave you room to give details. Examples of questions are: What was your childhood like?What is your relationship with your mother/father/siblings like?What was school like for you?What sort of friendships did you have as a child?What have your romantic relationships been like?What is your job and how long have you done it? Is One Type of Clinical Interview More Valid Than Another? No. A recent study showed that both interview methods are equally valid and useful. Which method a clinician uses will likely depend on the standard of their organization and/or personal preference.?? It is extremely important that a thorough method of diagnosis is used, regardless of which interview method your therapist recommends to determine if you are coping with obsessive compulsive disorder or another mental health condition, Too often, a mental health diagnosis is made without the help of these tools. With the information available on the Internet, people are increasingly self-diagnosing mental health conditions. And with a shortage of mental health providers (plus constraints on time and charges placed by third-party payers), this step is sometimes inappropriately streamlined. A Word From Verywell Considering the great effect that OCD and other mental health disorders can have on a persons life, it is imperative that these initial diagnostic interviews are not skipped over. Making a precise diagnosis is helpful in determining the type of treatments and therapies which have found to be most effective in clinical studies for that particular diagnosis. It is also very important to conduct these interviews to get a baseline as to how much the condition is interfering with your life. Progress in mental health can sometimes be slow and is often the proverbial three steps forward and two steps back. Understanding exactly what you were coping with at the time you were diagnosed can help your therapist determine if your current therapy plan is working, or if a different approach is needed.

Book Review Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis Essay

In the book Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis, the author relates the stories of six crucial historic events that manage to capture the flavor and fervor of the revolutionary generation and its great leaders. While each chapter or story can be read separately and completely understood, they do relate to a broader common theme. One of Ellis main purposes in writing the book was to illustrate the early stages and tribulations of the American government and its system through his use of well blended stories. The idea that a republican government of this nature was completely unprecedented is emphasized through out the book. Ellis discusses the unique problems that the revolutionary generation experienced as a result of governing under the†¦show more content†¦The chapters are titled The Generation, The Duel, The Dinner, The Silence, The Farewell, The Collaborators and The Friendship. In The Duel, the story of the legendary duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr is relat ed in its entirety. It was by far the most prominent deadly standoff between two men in history. Ellis relates the background and brief biographies of the two men involved in the duel. He also reveals the context for the duel, a culmination of political and personal jabs at Burrs character by Hamilton. In fact these jabs held a good deal of truth, and finally resulted in Burr challenging Hamilton. Both Hamilton and Burr went to the plains in Weehawken to conduct the duel in defense of their honor and characters. Historically, Hamilton is seen as a martyr in the duel and Burr seen as a treacherous murderer. This Hamiltonian viewpoint is dominant among historians because it is widely believed that Hamilton went into the duel not intending to fire a shot and that Burr fired the first shot. Ellis believes this version of the story to be wrong. He believes that Hamilton honored his bargain of not firing on Burr, wasting his first shot by firing it into the trees. Burr, thinking that Hami lton fired at him, shot and killed Hamilton with his shot. The second chapter, The Dinner, relates a secret compromise between Hamilton and Madison in the venue of a dinner party hosted by Thomas Jefferson.Show MoreRelatedfounding fathers book report873 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph J. Ellis is a well-known historian. He earned his Bachelor’s degree from the college of William and Mary, and his masters and Ph.D. at the University of Yale. Ellis is currently a full time professor of the Commonwealth at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. In addition to Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation Ellis has written many books and editorials. His books include; The New England Mind in Transition: Samuel Johnson of Connecticut (Yale University Press, 1983)Read MoreFounding Brothers Book Review Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesEllis, Joseph J.  Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. Print. The book being critiqued in the following review is Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis. Ellis’ goal in writing this book was to define the political events and achievements that gained historical significance because they framed the successive history of the United States. Ellis wrote on this specific topic because he felt the need to argue the fact that the American Revolution and the greatnessRead MoreThe Pivotal Political Decisions On The Young American Republic Of The Late 18th Century1515 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact on the choices they made in the future. In the words of an accomplished historian and a biographer, Joseph Ellis, these crucial decisions with an astounding aftermath came about â€Å"in a sudden spasm of enforced inspiration and makeshift construction† (3). In addition, in his new non-fiction erudite study, Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation, published in the year 2000, Ellis strives to illustrate how these decisions came about â€Å"in a sudden spasm of enforced inspiration and makeshiftRead MoreThe Revolutionary Generation, By Joseph J. Ellis1730 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph J. Ellis, the author of Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation, is an American author and historian. Born July 18, 1943 in Washington, D.C., Ellis would grow up to be one of the best, well-known scholars of America. He began his college education at Yale University, then at the College of William Mary. Ellis works include Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation, American Sphinx, and His Excellency: George Washington. His books have brought his name into one of remembranceRead MoreSummary Of Founding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation By Joseph J. Ellis1377 Words   |  6 PagesAugust 2015 Summer Book Review Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation by Joseph J. Ellis Publisher: Alfred A. Knopf Joseph J. Ellis work concentrates on crucial events after the Revolutionary war in the young nation of America. The writer unbiasedly analyzes vital moments in the lives of the Founding Fathers and how relationships between them influenced and were influenced by the unstable era in which they happened to live in. Through the six chapters and preface, Ellis examines the keyRead More American Jefferson Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesof Thomas Jefferson† A book by Joseph J. Ellis. Copyright 1997 Vintage. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Joseph J. Ellis, a historian who was educated at the College of William and Mary and Yale, is a Ford Foundation Professor of History at Mount Holyoke University. He has written four books on historical topics, centered on the time Jefferson was alive, dealing with issues and personalities Jefferson dealt with firsthand. After authoring a book on a politician such asRead More My Friend Hamilton -Who I shot Essay6642 Words   |  27 Pagesconclusions. It is the object of this discussion, therefore, to examine the heretofore mentioned interpretations, and to critically analyze the differing ideas concerning the Burr-Hamilton duel. The most succinct version of the event, as told by Joseph J. Ellis reads On the morning of July 11, 1804, Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton were rowed across the Hudson River in separate boats to a secluded spot near Weehawken, New Jersey. There, in accord with the customs of the code duello, they exchangedRead MoreEssay about Recognizing and Shaping Opportunities19389 Words   |  78 PagesEntrepreneurship + I N TE R A C TI VE I L LU S TR AT I O N S No tC Recognizing and Shaping Opportunities LYNDA M. APPLEGATE HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL Do CAROLE CARLSON 8056 | Published: September 1, 2014 This document is authorized for educator review use only by Vikas Gupta, at Institute of Management Technology - Ghaziabad (IMT) until December 2014. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu or 617.783.7860 rP os t Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. JudgeRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesaccomplishments Anonymous Anonymous Martin Brand Anonymous Anonymous Scott Griffin Daniel Lewis 113 117 121 124 128 132 136 vi Contents Dale Schilling Erik Johnson 140 143 Vi. setback or failUre Chris Withers Eugenia Gibbons John Richard Craig Ellis Irfhan Rawji Thomson Nguy Anonymous Jordan Burton 150 152 154 157 159 161 163 165 Vii. ethical issUes Anonymous PaulYeh Rye Barcott Anonymous Adam Heltzer Anonymous Anonymous 171 174 177 180 183 186 189 Viii. other QUestion Nathan Dutzmann

The Fantasy Of The Garden Of Eden The Erotic Nature Of Man

Name: Jenna Bachew Prof: Kristin Rajan Class: World Literature Date: December 5, 2014 The Serpent in the Garden of Eden: The Erotic Nature of Man The book of Genesis chronicles the process of Creation and highlights the story of the first man and woman who lived in God s paradise or the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve were both innocent and carefree people until the serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge. Many scholars interpreted this scene as the fall of man and believed that the serpent was symbolic of Satan. Kimelman Reuven suggests that, by identifying the serpent with Satan and Satan with the evil impulse, the struggle is interjected into the interior life of Eve. He points out that the serpent is a temptation that ignites the evil nature of Eve so that even if she has prior knowledge that eating the forbidden fruit is a wrong, she still goes ahead and eats it. Though Reuven s interpretation seems attractive and is supported by the majority of the Christian teachings, I believe that the serpent symbolizes a more specific and deepe r meaning concerning humans and their existence in the world. I disagree in this instance that Satan is using the form of a serpent to deceive Eve and triumph over God. I disagree because if we take the serpent as a symbol of the devil in this particular story, such interpretation would not have justified God s decision to put the serpent in the garden together with his beloved human creations. GivenShow MoreRelatedArt Museum And Its Effects On Sexual History2572 Words   |  11 PagesAttending the world s largest erotic art museum has encouraged me to view sexuality with a more opened minded perception. Sexuality is very diverse for instance, in the way sexual acts are performed and carried out. Historically, it seems that individuals are biologically and genetically programmed to seek out sexual behaviors with others. Either for the means of reproduction or their own personal pleasure, but one thing is very evident sex is pleasurable and enjoyable for most. However, culturalRead More The Forgotten Female in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay3143 Words   |  13 Pagesthis world of selfishness represented in Hemingways canon, the lost, lamented for values include faith, hope, and security as well as fertility, creativity, love, peace, and human brotherhood for maintaining life. . . . Harrys last words, A man alone aint got no bloody fucking chance (THAHN 225), imply that togetherness may be the first step toward healing. Searching within the abyss of nada for meaning, people must first reform and embrace each other before they can reform and embraceRead MoreThe Sexual Exploitation Of Women Is Made Clear From The Work Of Atwood, Rossetti And Chaucer3015 Words   |  13 Pagesis put across more physically, whereas in Rossetti poetry, it is seen to be portrayed in a more mental state of mind.Another idea, is that the idea of female sexual exploitation can be seen in a religious way, with biblical references to the Garden of Eden. However, women are n ot always presented as completely passive which contradicts my previous point, there are a number of examples which show women reacting against this and embracing the fact that they are female, starting a feminist movement

Restrictions on Gun Ownership Free Essays

Running Head: RESTRICTIONS ON GUN OWNERSHIP Are there any Legitimate Restrictions on Gun Ownership? Steve PHI103: Informal Logic The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution gives the citizens of America the right of the people to bear arms. This was adopted with the rest of the Bill of Rights. However, with this being said there are people that take this right to heart, and they feel they should be able to have any gun they want. We will write a custom essay sample on Restrictions on Gun Ownership or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are guns that are specifically designed for military, some local or state law enforcement and are illegal for the average person to own. There are a lot of Federal and state laws that have to be met prior to anyone purchasing and therefore, owning a gun. There are safety laws that have been put in place to keep guns out of the hands of convicted felons, children, and the mentally handicapped as well as other irresponsible people that may have the ability to injure or kill another human being. There are also certain criteria a person will have to meet before the purchase of a gun will go through. A gun owner knows what it takes to kill and those individuals know there should be different forms of gun control measures to help prevent accidents from occurring. As the saying goes â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people do. † The prevention of accidents is just one reason for supporting gun control. Another reason to support gun control is to prevent the people already mentioned from having the ability to get a gun that can be used to injure or intimidate people. Better enforcement of the many gun laws we have in place currently should be the priority of the state and local law enforcement agencies. Commandeering someone’s gun or extremely over-the-top gun laws are not the answers to fixing the gun problems we are faced with today. Strictly enforcing current laws, we have in place now is the answer. The U. S. Supreme Court in a 5-4 vote on Thursday June 26, 2008 declared for the first time that Second Amendment to the U. S. Constitution guaranteed the rights of individual Americans to bear and keep arms. They stated that the ownership of a gun is a right of the individual, not intertwined with military service, and that it can be regulated in some ways, (2008, June 26) Furthermore, this ruling came out of Washington D. C; case that had a security guard sued the district for prohibiting him from keeping his handgun at his home. In D. C. , it is a crime to carry an unregistered firearm, and registration of a handgun is prohibited. The rules for handguns are so strict that they regulate handguns out of existence. These rules are put in place to try and curb violence with handguns in the nation’s capital. This ruling furthermore struck down this ban on constitutional grounds, stating it flew in the face of our constitutional right to bear arms, (2008, June 26) The case in D. C. also It was also stated that the two sides in this case viewed the Founding Fathers intentions of the Amendment rights very different. For the most part the majority of the Supreme Court Justices said that this amendment protected the individual’s right to own a gun without connection with the service in a militia and to use this for a lawful purpose such as self-defense in the home. â€Å"Like most rights, the Second Amendment right is not unlimited. It is not a right to keep and carry any weapons whatsoever in any manner whatsoever and for whatever purpose,† Justice Antonin Scalia wrote for the majority. But it did allow for individuals to have guns for lawful purposes, such as hunting and defending themselves, he said. The majority clearly saw the individual right to own a gun, (2008, June 26) This ruling left in place many restrictions at both the federal and state levels, like the bans that were placed on felon’s right to have a gun, and the bans on sawed-off shotguns and assault weapons. Justice John Paul Stevens stated that this ruling would leave it up to future courts to really define the details of the right to bear arms. He also stated that this should be the business of state legislatures, and that the court should stay out of this. Lastly, he stated that the law-abiding citizen will be able to keep a gun at home, but that it doesn’t address how the different states legislatures will want to regulate gun ownership. In another statement by Justice Stephen Breyer he stated that in his view â€Å"there simply is no untouchable constitutional right guaranteed by the Second Amendment to keep loaded handguns in the house in crime-ridden urban areas, (2008, June 26) This was a topic for debate between the 2008 democratic and republican presidential office runners. Senator McCain stated â€Å"Today’s ruling makes clear that other municipalities like Chicago that have banned handguns have infringed on the constitutional rights of Americans,† he said. He also took a thinly veiled shot at the presumptive Democratic nominee, Sen. Barack Obama by saying â€Å"Unlike the elitist view that believes Americans cling to guns out of bitterness, today’s ruling recognizes that gun ownership is a fundamental right — sacred, just as the right to free speech and assembly. Presidential nominee Barack Obama responded to this ruling by stating that â€Å"Today’s ruling, the first clear statement on this issue in 127 years, will provide much-needed guidance to local jurisdictions across the country,† he said, adding that â€Å"what works in Chicago may not work in Cheyenne,† but the decision reinforced that â€Å"if we act responsibly, we can both protect the constitutional right to bear arms and keep our communit ies and our children safe, (2008, June 26) It would only be fair to state that the crime rate has plummeted since the Supreme court made its decision on the Second Amendment. The table below shows just the Chicago data and as you can see there is a decline, (2011, Oct 4). When this was first looked at the thought was that if there were more guns out there that this would cause crime to increase, but this has been proven to be false. This stat bears the question of where there fewer crimes because the citizens are now gun owners, and the criminals are aware of this. Do you think it is because the criminals fear the laws? I do not think it is because they fear the laws. I truly believe that these criminals are thinking in the back of their mind that if they try to commit a crime against someone who could be armed, and they will retaliate by shooting them in self-defense. This may really make a criminal rethink this act before he/she commits the crime. Furthermore, I think the fact that the victim might be so scared and could shoot without thinking and possibly killing the perpetrator truly has the perpetrator thinking of this unknown factor, and that makes them more cautious about committing the crime in the first place. The following is a chart for the crime rates from 2009-2010, (2010, Dec. 20). As you can see that not only did the rates change in Chicago but the one below is for the United States as a whole. It was said that the â€Å"The Supreme Court breathed new life into the amendment when it struck down strict handgun bans in Washington and Chicago and spoke of the â€Å"inherent right of self-defense. † But to the dismay of gun rights advocates, judges in recent months have read those decisions narrowly and rejected claims from those who said they had a constitutional right to carry a loaded gun on their person or in their car. Instead, these judges from California to Maryland have said the â€Å"core right† to a gun is limited to the home. Now, the National Rifle Assn. is asking the high court to take up the issue this fall and â€Å"correct the widespread misapprehension that the 2nd Amendment’s scope does not extend beyond the home. † Stephen Halbrook, an NRA lawyer, said â€Å"some judges have buried their heads in the sand and have refused to go one step further† than saying there is a right to have a gun at home. The Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence hailed the trend and called the high court’s rulings a â€Å"hollow victory† for gun enthusiasts. The gun lobby has tried to expand [the 2nd Amendment] into a broad right to carry any type of gun anywhere. And they have been almost unanimously rejected by the courts,† said Jonathan Lowy, director of legal action. He conceded, however, that â€Å"this battle is far from over. † The uncertainty began with the Supreme Court itself. In 2008, Justice Antonin Scalia said the history of the 2nd Amendment shows it â€Å"guarantees the individual right to possess and carry weapons in case of confrontation. But other parts of his 5-4 opinion stressed there is no right to â€Å"carry any weapon in any manner,† and that bans on â€Å"carrying concealed weapons were lawful† in the 19th century† (Savage, D, 2011) The following stats provided by the FBI provide ammunition on the Supreme Court’s decision on the second Amendment. It stated that â€Å"Despite a grinding recession, reported crime in the United States continues to fall, the FBI said Monday. Violent crime was down 6 percent in 2010 — the fourth consecutive yearly decline, according to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report. Property crime dropped for the eighth year in a row, down 2. 7 percent in 2010. In Pennsylvania, violent crime fell 3 percent and property crime ticked down 0. 5 percent. New Jersey and Delaware reported small drops in violent crime, but increases in property crime,† (Moran, R. 2011). These stats show that right to bear arms did not have a negative effect on the recession. As I read all the articles and stories while doing my research for this paper, I find that the restrictions imposed on gun ownership appear to infringe on our Second Amendment rights provided to us by the U. S. Constitution. I also feel that there should definitely be some sort of control on guns, but we should not do this at the expense of what the Founding Fathers wrote in the U. S. Constitution. As what has been previously covered in this paper the mentally ill, convicted felons, or people that have been convicted of violent crimes should be the only ones that are exempt from owning a gun, and I truly feel that this is for the safety of our citizens here in the United States. Furthermore, I think that states should not impose such restrictions and deny all of that states people the right to own a gun. This is not only a direct violation of that persons Second Amendment rights but also a violation of a person’s right to due process under the 14th amendment. Lastly, I truly believe that the extreme laws or gun confiscations are illegal under the US Constitution and these do not work to stop crimes. Reference Anonymous,  . The FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Latest Stats Show a Continuing Decline in Crime Preliminary Semiannual Uniform Crime Report, January-June, 2010 (2010,  December , 20). Retrieved from http://www. bing. com/images/search? q=FBI+Crime+Rate+Reporting;view=detail;id=F22BCC735FB3184B04D1C2B36F350ED63CBD086F;first=0;FORM=IDFRIR Anonymous,  . SUPREME COURT ENDORSES NEW VIEW OF SECOND AMENDMENT Protection. (2008,  September). Criminal Justice Newsletter,3. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=6;did=1646334181;SrchMode=1;sid=7;Fmt=2;VInst=PROD;VType=PQD;RQT=309;VName=PQD;TS=1322524094;clientId=74379 Lott, J. 2011, Oct 4) Chicago’s Violent Crime Rates Plummet After SCOTUS Removes Handgun Ban. Andrew Breitbart Presents BIG GOVERNMENT. Retrieved from http://biggovernment. com/jlott/2011/10/04/chicagos-violent-crime-rates-plummet-after-scotus-removes-handgun-ban/ Moran, R   (2011, September20). Crime rates continue to fall, FBI reports. McClatchy – Tribune Business News. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=0;did=2460748471;SrchMode=1;sid=2;Fmt=3;VInst=PROD;VType=PQD;RQT=309;VName=PQD;TS=1324404944;clientId =74379 How to cite Restrictions on Gun Ownership, Papers

The impact of Western society on the music cultures of other societies in the world

Introduction The impact of the Western Society has been argued to be quite in immense throughout the human history. Regardless the magnitude of influence, it is impossible for a person or society to claim immunity against the penetration and ultimate influence on the Western Society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of Western society on the music cultures of other societies in the world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most amazing thing is that all these aspects of our identities carry either visible or invisible elements of the Western Society. Nevertheless, of great significance has been the evolution of music cultures in different world regions. If any region of the world was to analyze its music culture today and compare it with what is used to be considered as a culture decades ago, what the would be observed is a substantive and quantifiable magnitude of change (Eaton 360). This essay, there fore, discusses the impact of the Western Society on the music cultures of societies from at least two world regions covered in the course. Australasia Oceania The following segments explain the components of Australian music culture, including musical instruments, songs and some of the functions in which music plays a fundamental role. Wangga This is a traditional music genre in Australia that originated from the northern region of the country several years ago. The song is mainly played during the certain functions like circumcision of boys, disposing the property of a deceased person or for a general entertainment in the country. Traditionally, the song is believed to be delivered to songmen by spirits at night in the form of dreams. Like any other music, Wangga has several musical characteristics like text and vocables that are strophic coupled with melodic lines that are short, below eight octaves (Richards 19).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accompanied with Didjeridu which maintains a constant drone, the music derives its metric feel from clap sticks, although the music is generally non-metric. It is important to note that ritual songs play a core role in the lives of Australians and those who misuse them risk being attacked by spirits, as described by the traditionalists. Although this was the trend decades ago, the original role and recognition of Wangga and other traditional music genres is fading off (Richards 188). Due to the systematic racism that was propagated by different people like Captain Cook, Australian music culture has continuously been placed on the verge of being overshadowed by the external cultures from Western countries and other parts of the world. What are some of the factors that have contributed to this? Australian music has been affected by immigrants from the West. Being a country dominated by immigrants, the initial cult ure of the country has been eroded for advancing ethnocentric agenda against the natives. For instance, Euro-Australian prohibition of the Aboriginal languages was a way of ensuring that cultural identity of the Aboriginals was faced out from the front and replaced by a hybrid culture that demonstrated the elements of immigrants and the Western world (Davis 230). Another way in which the Western Society has influenced the Australian music culture is through education. With the coming of European missionaries to Australia, several things changed including the education system which inclined to the West, leaving the culture a compromised and unstable state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of Western society on the music cultures of other societies in the world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The education system also emphasized the use of foreign and international languages, thus lowering the power of native young people to learn and appreciate their music culture without Western interference (Bennett 80). Australia has maintained its ties with European countries for trade and other economic relationships. As a result, several foreign forms of culture have found a way into the country, carrying people away from what they knew as cultural music (Davis 226). The impact of all these can be seen through several manifestations in Australian music. For instance, many young Aboriginals are unable to learn ritual practices and the role of music that is currently known to a few elderly people in the country. Many youths have been influenced by hip-hop culture and other English songs. In general, Australian music culture has been affected through the abandonment of Aboriginal language, introduction of Western education, industrialization and trade. Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa comprises people who speak different languages and subscribe to various music genres (May 172). In other words, the music culture of the region cannot be described in general as it is a network of interlaced cultural fibers. Another aspect of Sub-Saharan Africa music culture is its high level of localizations and customized traditions that are usually unique to a given group of people. This is to say that one village may not be able to recognize the importance of their neighbors’ culture because of its uniqueness. The question which we need to answer is whether there are any unifying features within the music culture of Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been found that Sub-Saharan African music depends on layered parts, which may be shared among several songs unlike in other cases where music is main feature in the independent layered parts (May 179).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach involves playing of different music strands simultaneously to produce vertical complexity that is felt through the texture of music. Other features include rhythmic complexity, polymetre and repetition of certain parts during a presentation. Many Africans argue that Western Music is mono-rhythmic, a property that makes it boring and unappealing. As noted earlier, Sub-Saharan Africa is made of different groups of people who have different economies and different music. As a result, they have a wide range of adaptive strategies for meeting their daily needs. They have different music sounds, practices and support systems to sustain them. For instance, inhabitants of the rain forest region do not specialize in any music and embrace simple technology. On the other hand, the pygmies have few instruments, which are played by specialists. They also clap during musical performances with their music making use of vocables (May 172). Unlike the inhabitants of the two regions abo ve, forest dwellers are musically organized with a wide variety of musical instruments. Additionally, they have moderated music specialization that allows them to have customized music organization. Even though some Sub-Saharan Africans do not have music organization and specialization, their music has become popular in the world, drawing the attention of people from other regions. For instance, Kora, a common string instrument in West Africa has gained popularity in global â€Å"world music† (Kubik 432). With increasing demand and attention for Sub-Saharan African music, the region has witnessed cases of commercialization and commoditization of its music by musicians from other cultures around the globe. Many believe that Sub-Saharan African music culture has inspired several musicians from the West through cultural interaction and other mutual relationships. Because of the richness of Sub-Saharan African music, other cultures have borrowed from it without any form of attrib ution. This is common with Jazz, pop and blues which the Western Society significantly borrowed from Sub-Saharan Africa region. How the western music has infiltrated into Australian and African Music The first and very clear element showing the infiltration of the western music culture into the African as well as Australian music are the musical instruments used. Gradually, the African music instruments are being relegated to the museums as musicians adopt the modern westernized music instruments. The same case is seen to apply in the Australian context. This has led to the composers of native music from Africa as well as from Australia adopting some of the modern music instruments in composing the native music (Scaruffi 1). Another element that is quite clear is the purpose of music. In most cases, western music is purely meant for entertainment but the African and Australian music serves more than the entertainment purpose. Music in the African context played a specific purpose, f or instance, there are circumcision songs, which were only sung during a specified period, and planting songs were only meant for the planting seasons. It is evident that of late, music in Africa and Australia is continuously being composed to serve all season around and, in particular, to entertain. In the African context, funeral songs, for example, could only be sung during funeral moments but with the infiltration of the western music, funeral songs have been modified to be sang all year round irrespective of the season at hand. African and Australia native music was quite conservative and selective in their audience and the choice of words used by the composer. For instance, there was music, specifically for children which old people could not sing at all. This is slowly changing and music is being shaped to be all rounded. There were some words, which could not be found in music; words which directly referred to actions of sex and other related words were avoided but the curre nt trend is that these are the words which are becoming the catchwords (Nettl 237). Mostly, western music has much to do with being â€Å"flashy† in contrast to native African and Australian music. In Africa, it has however become a fact that at least some degree of flashiness has to form part of the music (Scaruffi 1). Conclusion As an element of human identity human culture has continuously evolved throughout history. Consequently, no single region in the world today can claim to have an original and pure culture free from any form of external infiltrations. Through various forms of interactions among countries and communities, different elements are shared among people, making it possible to appreciate other people’s identity. Notably, the Western Society has tremendously impacted cultures of other regions. From the above analysis, Sub-Saharan Africa and Australian music culture represent several other cultures of the world which have been influenced. Due to globali zation and other factors, the Western culture has infiltrated into other regions as manifested through global recognition of hip-hop and jazz cultures, which have Western roots. Works Cited Bennett, Tony. Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions. London: Routledge, 1993. Print. Davis, Geoffrey. ArÃŒ ²atjara: aboriginal culture and literature in Australia. Bulgaria: Rodopi, 1997. Print. Eaton, David. The Influence of Music on Self and Society – Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures. The Words of the Eaton Family, 2003. Web. Kubik, Gerhard. Theory of African Music, Volume 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. Print. May, Elizabeth. Musics of many cultures: an introduction, Part 1. California: University of California Press, 1983. Print. Nettl, Bruno. â€Å"Ibo Songs from Nigeria, Native and Hybridized.† Midwest Folklore 3.4 (1953): 237-242. Richards, Fiona. The soundscapes of Australia: music, place and spirituality. Farnham: Ashgate Pu blishing, Ltd., 2007. Print. Scaruffi, Piero. â€Å"A Brief summary of African Popular Music.† Scaruffi Articles, 2002. Web. https://www.scaruffi.com/history/african.html. 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death penatly essays

death penatly essays There are curretnly five authorized methods of execution in the United States. They are lethal injuction, electrocution, hanging, firing squad and lethal gas. The most common is lethal injection, followed by electrocution and then lethal gas, with only two states utilizing hanging and the firing squad. There are thirty-eight states that have the death penalty; and twelve states with no death penalty. Thirty-five states authorize lethal injection, ten states authorize electrocution and this being the sole method of execution in three states. Five staes authorize the gas chamber, two states hanging and the friring squad. All but three states have lethal injection as an althernative method. ...

Descriptive Essays

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